Incentives and subsidies on renewable energy in Malta and Gozo
Are there any grants available for the purchase of renewable energy?
There are grants available for domestic installations, which are administered by the Regulator for Energy and Water Services (REWS).
As of 2024, the current grants available are as follows:
- Up to €1,400 on the purchase of a new Solar Water Heater, and an additional €500 for its maintenance
- Up to €3,000 on the purchase of a new PV system with inverter
- Up to €10,200 on the purchase of a new PV system with inverter and battery
- Up to €9,000 on the purchase of a new inverter and battery
- Up to €7,200 on the purchase of a new battery
I’ve already received a grant on a PV system, am I eligible for any other schemes?
Yes, REWS also has an incentive called a Feed-in Tariff, wherein you will receive a higher rate for the electricity exported to the grid.
How does the Feed in Tariff (FIT) for solar energy in Malta and Gozo work in practice?
As of 2023, REWS has announced that electricity generated from photovoltaic installations in Malta and Gozo will be purchased at €0.15 per unit for installations equal to or less than 40kWp. This will be guaranteed for 20 years.
Are there any incentives for commercial or industrial installations?
Yes, however it slightly more complex and this will involve meeting to determine the power needs for customers and also the area available for installation of photovoltaic or solar thermal systems. The feasibility of the project will then be proposed to customers allowing them to base their decision on data which has been gathered from installed photovoltaic systems in Malta and Gozo.
Solar Water Heating
How can I choose a good solar heater?
A solar heater can be purchased on three critical points; the certification of the system (EN12976 will certify both the solar boiler and the panels), the efficiency of the system and the customer service offered. Certification of a solar water heater can make all the difference in quality and performance due to the extreme heat conditions we have in Malta in summer.
What savings should I expect from a solar water heater?
In Malta we are blessed with very high levels of sunshine and this contributes to a high level of performance from solar water heaters. Located at the heart of the Mediterranean, we benefit from ample sunlight for approximately 80% of the year. To put this into perspective, users of solar water heaters can reduce their expenses by more than 80% compared to operating an electric boiler. For an average family of four, this translates to annual savings ranging from €350 to €800 (based on current prices).
Is it only families that can benefit from solar water heaters?
No – the larger the user the bigger the gains. Our customers include schools, commercial establishments, factories, etc, who have made the investment on a solar water heater in Malta.
What is the difference between the Siemens solar panels and (vacuum) tubes?
Panels similar to the Siemens solar panels (flat plate collectors) in Malta are the right panels to use for our climatic conditions and there are specific reasons for this. We have to find a balance between adequate heating in winter and avoiding overheating in summer. If a solar water heater using flat plate collectors is sized correctly (depending on the number of users and their consumption pattern) then the user will be supplied with an adequate supply of hot water.
The difference in design is mainly due to the insulation used from one type of solar panel to another; Siemens (flat plate collector) uses polyurethane to insulate their panels whereas the vacuum tubes will use the vacuum itself (thermos effect) to insulate the tubes. The problems start when the vacuum tubes keep collecting heat in summer without being able to lose that heat – until the heat in the boiler goes over 100 degrees Celsius. The first thing that will happen is that the vacuum tube boiler might not be able to withstand the pressure created by the now boiling water and develops a leak. The second is that the vacuum tube boiler will start spurting water from the safety valve on top of the boiler to release the pressure. If the water over 100 degrees Celsius goes into pipework or any other water fitting that cannot handle the heat (steam fittings must be used for this application), the pipe or fittings could give way, fail and the whole bathroom tiles might need to be removed to rectify the fault.
There are a few ways that retailers of vacuum tubes are using to control the heat; the most obvious one is to cover the solar heater in summer. Some installers are also piping the safety valve overflow water to a tank!Solar Solutions Ltd will not risk its customers’ property and therefore does not supply products not designed for our climatic conditions. We therefore only supply and install solar panels (flat plate collectors) in Malta unless there is a specific application. In fact, only 10% of solar panels in Europe are vacuum tubes as against 90% in China. Most vacuum tubes manufactures are actually based in China and also supply European manufacturers of solar thermal equipment. Siemens also supply heat pipe evacuated tube solar water heaters if customers request this type of technology.
Will a solar water heater in Malta supply us with all our hot water?
The answer is yes, however it is unrealistic to expect that all that hot water will be supplied from the sun for free! There are actually two reasons for this; the first is that if one uses all the stored hot water at night or late evening, there is no sun to reheat the water. The second is that there will be days in winter where the light intensity is too low to heat the water up to a level used for washing. The electrical backup element will therefore have to be used sparingly in winter.
Does a solar heater use UV to heat water?
UV (ultraviolet light) is often mistakenly thought to be the magical part of the sun’s radiation which heats water! UV is only a small part of the whole light spectrum and will not heat water on its own. It is the intensity of the whole spectrum of the light which will heat water – the more intense, the more hot water from your solar heater!
Photovoltaic Systems (PV)
What is ‘photovoltaic’?
Photovoltaic refers to what is commonly known as ‘solar panels or PV panels’ that generate electricity from sunlight.
Is photovoltaic used in Malta?
Yes, the first photovoltaic installations were carried out by the University of Malta and have been used for collecting relevant data over a number of years. Solar Solutions Ltd is the first commercial organisation in Malta to install photovoltaic panels on a commercial and domestic scale and have installed over 50000kWp of PV making Solar Solutions Ltd the largest renewable energy company in Malta. For a sample list of installations please click here.
Is it suitable for my home?
You can use PV systems for a building with a roof or wall that faces South, as long as no other buildings or large trees overshadow it. If the roof surface is in shaded for large parts of the day, the output of the system decreases dramatically, and it may not be recommended to install a photovoltaic system.
Solar Solutions Ltd will guide customers towards inverter choice. We can offer Huawei string inverters for systems which are unshaded, and optimisers for slightly shaded systems.
Can I generate all the electricity that I need for my home?
Yes, the only limitations are that the roof must be large enough and the area must have no shade within the area where the solar panels would be installed. An energy storage system might also be essential to ensure you keep all your green electricity to use when needed and save on purchasing from the grid at high rates.
Are the systems in Malta connected to Enemalta?
Yes, these are called ‘on-grid’ systems, which means that any unused electricity will be sold to Enemalta. These units of electricity are metered and refunded by Enemalta on a net basis.
Solar Solutions Ltd also offer ‘off grid’ systems; these are PV systems which are not connected to the Enemalta grid and are suitable for remote locations. The systems would feed a battery bank and the electricity can be supplied at 12, 24 or 48V or else ‘inverted’ to 230V/50Hz – similar to the Enemalta grid. We can supply a wide range of batteries for different budgets. Lithium batteries are currently the most popular with a 90% discharge rate and a 10 year manufacturer warranty.
How much electricity does the PV generate?
This depends on the size and type of system installed. For example, JA Solar and Hyundai solar panels within our PV systems designed for Malta and Gozo’s specific climate, are producing around 5% more electricity than other brands of solar panels are producing in Malta. The amount of electricity provided by the solar panels is determined by the type of consumption that a user would have. This can be assessed by Solar Solutions Ltd at no charge and Solar Solutions Ltd would then advise on what system size would be appropriate. An important consideration is how long will the solar panels last as this will have an effect on the total electricity generated over the lifetime of the solar panels. This is why we recommend going for quality panels.
Does PV need a Planning Authority permit or any other permit?
All PV installations require approval or notification from Enemalta Corporation and the REWS. PA permits can be requested in certain types of installations – the height and visibility can be requested criteria for a PA application. Solar Solutions Ltd can also give professional advice for installations of solar panels in Malta and Gozo. Planning Authority DG 2015 is to be referred to for installations.
Do Solar Solutions Ltd assist in permits, applications etc?
Yes, Solar Solutions Ltd will assist and guide customers from the first enquiry through to choosing the right system size and will also assist in analysing electricity consumption to determine a suitable system. A professional architect or engineer should always be consulted by the customer for any planning or technical support.
What is the difference between Monofacial vs Bifacial modules, and how does this apply in Malta?
Monofacial and bifacial solar modules are two different types of photovoltaic panels used in photovoltaic systems.
Monofacial solar panels are the traditional type and have only one active side that captures sunlight. They perform well in standard conditions when there is consistent, direct sunlight hitting the front side of the panel.
Bifacial solar panels have two active sides: one that captures sunlight directly from the sun (frontside) and another that captures reflected sunlight from surfaces like the ground (backside).
The choice between the two in Malta will depend on specific project requirements, budget considerations, and the site's characteristics. Monofacial modules are suitable for rooftop and ground-mounted installations where there is no significant reflection of sunlight from nearby surfaces. In an environment where there may be reflective surfaces like sea and buildings, bifacial modules could potentially yield higher energy production due to their ability to capture reflected light.
What are IEC 61215 and IEC 61646 standards and are they relevant to Malta?
They are certificates indicating the quality, mechanical stability and compliance with electrical parameters. The REWS requires that solar panels which are to be sold in Malta are certified to these standards.
What does STC stand for?
STC is the abbreviation for standard test conditions. If you compare various solar modules with one another, for example, to determine which one works the most effectively, standard test conditions are established that apply worldwide. These conditions include; a radiation of 1000 W/m², a module temperature of 25°C and an air mass of 1.5. In Malta we reach around and sometimes more than, 1000 W/m² in certain times of the year, normally around the spring/summer period.
What is a performance guarantee?
A performance guarantee is a guarantee from the manufacturer on a module’s minimum performance. Generally, this applies over a longer period of time. You should make sure to read the fine print. Here, you will find the maximum permitted deviation from the minimum rated output after using over 10, 20 or even 25 operating years. Hyundai and JA Solar currently offer a 30 year warranty. The strength of this guarantee depends entirely on the financial stability of the manufacturer. This further proves the importance for customers to research the manufacturer of the products which they are purchasing.
Should I insure my system?
Solar Solutions Ltd recommends insuring your system (photovoltaic or solar heaters) against natural hazards, such as storms and hail. In general, such hazards are already covered in the building insurance. Broad coverage provides all-risk insurance that also insures the system against theft, lightning protection, surge voltage or yield loss. Customers should therefore inform their insurer upon installation of a system to ensure that it is covered from the very beginning.
Can lightning destroy the system?
Lightning is unpredictable and has the potential to destroy anything in its path. Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive, and a direct lightning strike would surely destroy it. There is also another hazard, as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. Our inverters have a surge-voltage protector integrated as standard. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using protective devices in individual cases. The probability that lightning will directly strike your house is not increased by a solar power system. Solar Solutions Ltd always create an earth link from the PV system to the customer’s earthing system as per IEE standard procedures. Unfortunately, lightning strikes are excluded from any warranty.
Can hailstones damage the modules?
The probability that the modules will be destroyed by hailstones is relatively low. Our modules are equipped with a specific hardened glass for the solar panels which are used and installed in Malta. These must withstand ice balls in a shot test with a diameter of 75 mm and projected at a speed of 140 km/h. In 2013, the hailstorm that hit Malta and Gozo did not damage any of our products, however many other systems were damaged.
Does the photovoltaic system require regular cleaning?
Rain automatically cleans the modules and the rainfall in winter in Malta is sufficient to keep the modules clean. In areas with heavy air contamination however, the modules may require additional cleaning from time to time. A system installed below the minimum angle of 15° can mean that the rainfall will not be sufficient to permanently keep the system clean.
How do you clean solar panels?
In the dry summer months in Malta, Solar Solutions Ltd recommends that modules are cleaned with clean water and a soft brush if necessary. No cleaning product is required. This ensures that electricity generation is kept at the maximum possible.
Energy Storage Systems (Batteries)
What is an energy storage system?
An energy storage system (ESS), known as a battery, is a technology that is designed to store electrical energy generated by your PV system for later use.
How does a battery save you money?
Instead of exporting excess energy back to the grid (often at a lower rate), you can use it during periods when renewable energy production is low, such as at night or during cloudy days. This reduces your reliance on grid electricity and lowers your utility bills. Properly sizing and configuring a battery system to align with your specific needs and objectives is essential to maximize cost savings when using renewable energy.
What happens if there is a power cut?
An optional back-up system can be installed with a battery system, to provide backup power during grid outages, ensuring continuity for critical loads in homes and businesses.
Electric Vehicle Charging
Why should I use a charger to charge my EV, and not a standard 3-pin plug?
The primary advantage of using an EV charger is safety. Chargers include features that minimize the risk of electrical faults, overheating, or fire hazards during charging. They are built to handle higher currents and are less prone to overheating compared to a standard household outlet. Another advantage is that they offer significantly faster charging times compared to a standard 3-pin plug.
How do I choose the right EV Charger model?
We have a number of different models available, including wall mounted chargers and floor mounted chargers (known as pillars or pedestals). The model is dependent on the site of installation, the number of charging points needed, and the load available at the location.
What sized charger is right for me?
The starting point is determining the load available at the location. Our available models include single phase chargers ranging from 3.6kW to 7.2kW, or three phase chargers ranging from 11kW to 22kW. The choice is determined on a case-by-case basis. Solar Solutions Ltd will discuss these requirements with you, to find the perfect charger for your needs.
Are there any preferential electricity rates for electric vehicle owners?
Yes, Enemalta offer a preferential charging rate of €0.1298c for the charging of electric vehicles during off peak hours (00.00–06.00; 12.00–16.00 daily and all day on Sundays). The consumption of the EV charger will be measured by a separate meter, which will need to be applied for with ARMS.
How can I charge in public in Malta and Gozo?
The public charging infrastructure in Malta and Gozo is currently operated by Charge My Ride. To use these public pillars, you will need your own personal charging cable. If needed, Solar Solutions Ltd offer electric vehicle charging cables.
Wind Energy
How does a wind turbine create electricity?
A wind turbine uses wind to rotate the blades that turn a generator at the top of the wind turbine. The electricity is fed into an inverter to be able to supply a residence or commercial building.
Can I generate all the electricity I need from the wind turbine?
Yes. The conditions for a wind turbine in Malta are particular and Solar Solutions Ltd would therefore have to make a site assessment to determine the viability for a wind turbine.
How much electricity can I generate from the wind turbine?
There is no limit from the wind turbine, however careful consideration of the site must be made to ensure maximum safety and to be within PA permits.
Is a PA permit required to install a wind turbine?
Yes, the PA must be consulted before installing a wind turbine in Malta as a full development permit is required. Solar Solutions Ltd can also assist is permits and/or any notifications from the relevant authorities.
Does a wind turbine make noise?
Every moving or rotating object will create ‘noise’, e.g. air conditioners, fans etc. Different brands of wind turbines will create different noise levels. Kingspan Wind turbines, represented by Solar Solutions Ltd in Malta are among the most silent (and toughest) small scale wind turbines in the world.
Solar Solutions Ltd – The Company
How long have you been established?
Solar Solutions Ltd was formed in 2005 and invested heavily in research. The next step was to physically test our products; namely Siemens Sieline solar water heaters, Kyocera, JA Solar, AUO (BenQ) and Hyundai solar panels and SMA, SolarEdge and Huawei inverters in the conditions that Malta offers. Malta has a very high level of irradiance and also very high levels of UV and in summer Malta has also high ambient temperatures. This was part of our research and testing.
What are your specialisations?
Solar Solutions Ltd specialise in photovoltaic energy within the Maltese islands. Our experience has enabled numerous households and businesses to adopt solar power, creating a positive environmental impact through harnessing the sun's energy.
We've introduced innovations such as energy storage solutions and electric vehicle chargers, enabling our customers to embrace the most energy-efficient solutions.
Our subsidiary Brighter Solutions Ltd specialises in LED lighting representing Philips Architectural Lighting.
Is it worth investing in solar and wind energy in Malta?
Investing in solar energy can yield an excellent return on investment, however, it needs careful consideration.
With regards to solar water heaters, it is important to invest in a high quality, efficient solar water heater. This is particularly advantageous in Malta due to our sunny conditions, offering substantial savings ranging from 80% to 90% when compared to electric water heating costs.
In terms of PV systems, although the upfront cost of PV is higher than solar water heaters, the government of Malta has started grant and incentives schemes that make the investment in PV systems in Malta much more attractive.
As with any investment, it's crucial to choose wisely, ideally opting for a reputable professional company.
